Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay Essay Example

Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay Essay This assignment will allow the writer explain an facet of nursing attention within mental wellness function. As it is stated in the NMC ( 2008 ) as a wellness professional, you are personally accountable for actions and skips in your pattern so this is taking into consideration when treating any intercessions with service users. The writer is traveling to critical discuss and examine in item the assisting attacks used in the intervention of intoxicant maltreatment and draw decisions from them as what is seen as best grounds pattern. The facet of nursing that the writer is traveling to discourse is motivational questioning from the pattern of handling alcohol addiction. This is where that writer foremost seen Motivational Interviewing being used in a Community Drug and Alcohol arrangement. Miller and Rollnick ( 1991 ) defined motivational interviewing as a directive, client centred counselling manner for arousing behaviour alteration by assisting clients to research and decide ambivalency and stated in the Oxford University Dictionary ( 2005 ) ( internet ref 1 ) motive is described as the ground or grounds behind one s actions or behavior and this is the extreme importance for a service user to be at a phase of desiring to alter for themselves and non for others such as household members. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This thesis will be looking at the rule of motivational interviewing ( MI ) and the client centred attack that was produced by Carl Rogers in ( 1951 ) which has provided the underpinning of MI. Besides, it will discourse the usage of Motivational Interviewing when a client wants to go abstainer from intoxicant and the phases of alteration theoretical account set up by Prochaska, Norcross and DiClemente ( 1982 ) that has become a tool used when looking at the different alterations in which a client could be placed in. The thesis will besides look at the positive and negative utilizations of MI in alcohol addiction. Introduction of Motivation Interviewing Motivational interviewing ( MI ) was developed to handle job drinkers and was foremost described by Miller ( 1983, cited by Rollnick and Miller 1995 ) in an article discoursing Behavioural Psychotherapy. Subsequently in 1991 Rollnick and Miller characterized Motivation Interviewing as a directing, client-centred guidance manner for arousing behaviour alteration by assisting clients to research and decide ambivalency . It was in 2002 where they subsequently explained that Motivational Interviewing was an assistance to ease the motion through decisional analysis and behavior alteration . Furthermore, LA Lawendowski ( 1998 ) ( Internet ref 3 ) provinces that motivational interviewing is a client-centred therapy and has phases of alteration in the natural recovery from dependence. However, the theoretical account has been used for assortment of other jobs such as Drug Abuse ( Scott et al, 1996 ) Smoking ( Rollnick, S et Al, 1997 ) Gambling Problems ( Diskin and Hodgins 2009 ) Drug Dependence ( Saunders, B et Al, 1995 and Miller, W et Al, 2003 ) Excessive imbibing ( reexamine see Vasilaki et Al, 2006 ) ( Arkowitz, H and Miller, W.R 2008 ) . Motivational interviewing is a psychotherapeutics method which lets the service user to influence and enables alterations in their lives ( Hussein Rassool, G and Kilpatrick, B.1998 ) . Motivational interviewing is a type of reding which allows the service users to discourse helpfully about altering their behavior within alcohol addiction ( Obert, JL 2005 ) ( Internet ref 2 ) . This type of intercession is exceptionally helpful for those service users who are disinclined to alter their life style and open about altering. It s designed to decide ambivalency as it will take the service user to come on following to the way of alteration. Rollnick, Miller and Butler ( 2008 ) states that if a patient appears to be unmotivated to alter that there is nil anybody can make to alter this. They suggest that this statement is normally wrong. They believe that the attack a professional should take is to speak with the patient about their wellness. This can significantly rock their personal motive for behaviour alteration. Arkowitz and Miller ( 2008 ) states that motivational interviewing Is to increase intrinsic motive to alter that which arises from personal ends and values instead than from such external beginnings as others efforts to carry, cajole or hale the individual to alter . By professional organic structures or even household members supercharging the client to alter this can hold an opposite consequence and do that individual have a lessen aspiration to alter. Brehm and Brehm ( 1981 ) reported that when a client is placed into this state of affairs they become loath to alter as they perceive a menace to their personal freedom. Miller and Rollnick ( 2002 ) have mentioned that there is a difference among the technique and the spirit of Motivational Interviewing. If the professional organic structure gets engrossed by the technique, they likely risk the loss of the overall spirit of Motivational Interviewing. Miller and Rollnick ( 1995 ) mentioned that We believe it is critical to separate between the spirit of motivational interviewing and techniques that we have recommended to attest that spirit. Clinicians and trainers who become excessively focussed on affairs of technique can lose sight of the spirit and manner that are cardinal to the attack . Rollnick, Miller and Butler ( 2008 ) characterized the spirit as the following header Collaborative, redolent and honouring of patient liberty: Collaboration. Is where there is a joint decision-making procedure. This is of import in the wellness behavior alteration as it is merely the patient who can originate alterations. Evocative. This happens when the client triggers their ain motives and resources to alter. The client will hold their ain ends and aspirations and dreams so they do non necessitate the way from the professional organic structure. Honoring patients liberty. This is where MI accepts that the clients have a pick about the alteration in their lives and the professional organic structures still can rede, inform and on juncture can warn but their picks it is finally the clients pick ( Rollnick, S et al 2008 ) . They describe this manner of interaction as non-directing but steering, dancing and non wrestling, listening at least every bit much as stating. Phillips and Callaghan ( 2009 ) agrees with this statement and describes motivational interviewing as the following the nurse must avoid lecture, faulting and arousing guilt as this is of import as these places are likely to take to patient defensiveness and the nurse will follow the impersonal place in relation to the person s substance usage . As mentioned before that motivational interviewing is a client-centred attack which needs a curative relationship between the client and the professional organic structure as it is needed for alteration harmonizing to Carl Rogers ( 1951 ) . Three of these to reference that are linked to the spirit of motivational interviewing are therapist genuineness, empathy and unconditioned positive respect. Miller and Rollnick ( 2002 ) mentioned that motivational interviewing is a client-centred or individ ual centred in its focal point on the concerns and positions of the person, every bit good as in our heavy trust on and liability to the work of Carl Rogers and his co-workers. In this sense, motivational interviewing is an development of the client-centerd attack that Rogers developed. Arkowitz and Burke ( 2008 ) province that Motivational Interviewing is different than Carl Rogers attack as the importance of the intensifying intrinsic motive to alter, deciding ambivalency about alteration and the increasing alteration talk through selective responding. It is non uncommon for people to experience ambivalent about alterations in their lives. It is said that it a normal and common constituent of psychological job. Rollnick and Miller ( 1991 ) province that ambivalency is a province of head in which a individual has coexisting but conflicting experiencing about something. Clients who have an habit-forming job who so proceeds with reding will experience conflicting experiencing about their motive. A client can go non-cooperative with the counselor and back once more in a few proceedingss. Orford ( 1985 ) province that when it comes to habit-forming behavior struggles clearly plays a cardinal function. Clients who have imbibing jobs most times acknowledged that the hazards, cost and injury implicated their behavior. The clients are invariably traveling back and forward as they are non certain what to make about their state of affairs. Miller and Rollnick ( 1991 ) explain ambivalency as non a bad mark but to see it to be normal, accepta ble and apprehensible. Once the counselor understands this of ambivalency the counselor will cover with the client in a wholly different manner. Once the counselor realizes the normalcy of ambivalency and the manner in which it works. There will be a noticeable addition of verbal communicating and less opposition between the client and counselor. Their curative relationship will better. Motivational Interviewing is said to back up the client preparedness to alter and supply them with the accomplishments, helps and schemes for alteration ( Miller and Rollnick 1991, Hester and Miler 1989 ) . When looking at the client s ambivalency it can be place on the phases of alteration by Prochaska and DiClemente ( 1982, 1984, 1985 and 1986 ) . Miller and Rollnick ( 2002 ) describe Motivational Interviewing as a tool to help clients through decisional analysis and behavioral alterations. However, in 2001 Bishop refers to Motivational Interviewing as a method adjusted from the theoretical account called Cycle of alteration that was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente ( 1982, 1984, 1985 and 1986 ) . The client varies with respects to where they are on the rhythm of alteration. There are six phases in which the client can put themselves on. The phases of alteration are: Pre-contemplation this is where the client has non recognized that there is a issue with their behavior that needs to be changed Contemplation this is where they have recognized that there is an issue but non yet prepared or convinced ofA desiring to do a alteration Preparation/Determination the clients fixing for alteration where planning and committedness are secured Action/Willpower the client changes their behavior Maintenance client keeping the behavioral alterations Relapse this is where the client returns to their older behavior and renounce the recent alterations ( Internet ref 4 ) This rhythm is non fixed, it is unstable. The client is able start and coating anyplace within the rhythm. As like most alkies if they are non committed to alter their behavior sing their imbibing so relapses do happen. Prochaska and DiClemente ( 1983 ; 1983 ) province that wheel theoretical accounts approach allow the client to travel in and out of assorted phases of alteration. Prochaska and DiClemente ( 1991 ) suggest that people move both forwards and backwards round the rhythm of alteration, and spend changing sums of clip at each phase. Peoples pass through all phases. An illustration of this could be a client in the action phase into backsliding and so develop into pre-contemplative about alteration. Furthermore, the client could travel to preparation phrase from the backsliding phase. This could assist the client in taking obstructions that may hold disallowed them efficaciously keeping the yearning to alter their behavior ( Schulz, J. and Floyd, M.R 2002 ) . Prochaska and P rochaska ( 1991 ) suggested that if there is a mismatch between phases and procedures so the motion through the phases will be impeded and the individual will look immune or non-compliant. Equally good as the phases of alteration Motivational Interviewing has four guiding rules. Miller, Rollnick and Butler ( 2008 ) province that these are the guiding rules: Resist Understand Listen Empower This is merely a touch on what Motivational Interviewing is approximately and on the following chapter it will discourse the research for and against Motivational Interviewing in alcohol addiction. Critical discuss Motivational Interviewing in Alcoholism

Hobbes vs Rousseau Essay Essays

Hobbes vs Rousseau Essay Essays Hobbes vs Rousseau Essay Paper Hobbes vs Rousseau Essay Paper In the 17th and 18th centuries. the Age of Enlightenment was an of import cultural motion of intellectuals in Europe. Philosophers of the clip interpreted many theories and constructs about adult male and inequality in civilisation and besides thoughts about authorities and the ways in which society could be controlled. Many believed that worlds were of course good. while others believed that worlds were inherently bad. The statement of nature has lasted throughout clip without a unequivocal reply. but with centuries of philosophical statements to help in the apprehension of our ain human nature. Two of import philosophers of this clip period were Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Both philosophers wrote about their thoughts of human nature and the province of nature. besides turn toing equality within the province and the function authorities and civilisation dramas in man’s actions. While Hobbes had a really misanthropic position of adult male. believing adult male to be barbarous and violent working merely towards self-interest. Rousseau had a more positive position ; picturing adult male as basically good and compassionate. believing that merely through society and civilisation does adult male go corrupt. Although both philosophers’ statements are good developed and supported. Rousseau’s apprehension of the natural adult male and the province of nature is stronger than Hobbes’ opposing positions. Rousseau’s positive position of human nature illustrates adult male as life in harmoniousness with nature while Hobbes’ pessimistic position portrays adult male moving merely for opportunism. Rousseau views the world as inherently good. capable of experiencing compassion and commiseration for others about him every bit good as amour propre. The status of this natural adult male is a adult male without any signifiers of civilisation. including apparels and linguistic communication. Man is able to populate separately. peacefully and in harmoniousness when he is in this province of built-in goodness. However. through civilisation adult male becomes â€Å"wicked. † Oppression and laterality develop through the development of civilisation. besides making inequality among work forces. destructing the harmoniousness in which they lived. When adult male is able to fulfill his ain demands. he is able to populate peacefully ( Rousseau 161 ) . Through development of society. adult male is weakened and begins to depend on others to prolong his life. making subjugation and doing adult male to lose his natural goodness. Hobbes disagrees with Rousseau’s positive position of the nature of adult male. believing that work forces are instinctively violent and evil. moving merely out of opportunism or for self-gain. He believes work forces are invariably in competition to go superior in worth or award. making continual green-eyed monster and force among each other. Hobbes believes that work forces are so barbarous and wicked they are unable to last as persons but need a strong. card inal authorization to coerce peace and cooperation among work forces. Hobbes provinces. â€Å"Without the panic of some power to do them to be observed. are contrary to our natural passions. that carry us to fondness. pride. retaliation and the similar. † ( Hobbes 106 ) . Hobbes believes that in order to command man’s natural immorality. they need to fear the jurisprudence. Hobbes admits that inequality is a merchandise of making this commonwealth. but. unlike Rousseau’s thought of inequality in society. Hobbes says work forces are nescient to the inequality. believing that the compacts create equal footings of jurisprudence among work forces. This false sense of equality is able to command the force and competition among work forces. leting them to coexist more peacefully. So while Rousseau credits civilisation to the devastation of peace and goodness. Hobbes does non believe adult male has any built-in goodness and thinks civilisation is the lone manner to avoid war. Although Hobbes and Rousseau agree that in a province of nature work forces are equal. they have opposing positions of what adult male is like in this province. A province of nature is a term used to depict a province missing a signifier of authorities or Torahs. Rousseau believes in the province of nature. adult male lives separately in harmoniousness with nature. Rousseau addresses this natural adult male as a â€Å"savage adult male. † saying that their actions are determined by their demands and these demands are met without the aid of others. In this nature. work forces are peaceable and good. Work force besides have a natural sense of commiseration and compassion in this province ( Rousseau 163 ) . Because adult male lives solitarily. there is no 1 to rule or command and therefore no competition for power. Rousseau believes that this peace is sustained by the ability of the barbarian adult male to experience compassion. which allows them to regulate the peace of their nature. However. this peace is diminished as inequality becomes prevailing through the patterned advance of society. As belongings and household units evolved. adult male began to alter his life style and accomplishments and endowments developed ( Rousseau 164 ) . Families weakened adult male and adult female in head and organic structure. doing them to trust on others to successfully carry through their demands. This was the important portion in development of subjugation and domination. because inequality occurs when adult male becomes dependent on others to last. Rousseau provinces. â€Å"But the minute one adult male needed the aid of another ; every bit shortly as it was found to be utile for one to hold commissariats for two. equality disappeared. belongings appeared. † ( Rousseau 167 ) . The relationship between slave-master or worker-owner develop when work forces requires the aid of another. Inequality creates subjugation and domination. which. harmonizing to Rousseau. destroy man’s built-in goodness. Hobbes’ position of human nature contrasts Rousseau’s dramatically. seeing as Hobbes believed adult male to be of course wicked and merely through authorities systems are work forces able to populate peacefully. Hobbes compares adult male to a machine. invariably in gesture and ever seeking something ( 3 ) . He believes human nature is to move for their ain opportunism. which causes work forces to be in changeless competition for award or worth. making a province of war. Because Hobbes believes that work forces are invariably in a province of war. he believes that work forces are ever seeking to increase their power to be superior to others. He believes that in the province of nature where adult male is non governed by cardinal authorization. work forces are invariably in competition. Jealousy and competition among work forces make it impossible for work forces to populate peacefully in a province of nature. making the demand for a strong. cardinal authorization to regulate over the peace of adult male. Contrary to Rousseau. Hobbes believes that authorities is a manner for people to â€Å"get themselves out of that suffering status of war. † by regulating peace that work forces are incapable of entirely ( Hobbes 106 ) . Hobbes believes that through strong authorities. work forces are forced to coexist peacefully. because compact creates a false sense of equality among work forces. Hobbes believes that work forces are incapable of lasting separately. unlike Rousseau who believes that work forces are better made to populate separately. Their differing positions of built-in behaviour create contrasting constructs of the province of nature. Based on their statements of the nature of world. Rousseau’s account of adult male is more complete and logical than Hobbes’ . In Rousseau’s position of nature. adult male is basically good. able to last on his ain and able to peacefully coexist. This position of adult male could be considered naive by some. but it must be considered that this adult male is besides the â€Å"savage adult male. † a adult male before any signifier of civilisation. Rousseau explains that a adult male is inherently good in a province of nature because he has no desire for power. but does experience commiseration. Rousseau goes into an in depth description of the development of inequality among work forces. depicting subjugation and domination development and the ways in which these factors destroyed man’s intrinsic goodness. Man was unable to populate separately in the new province of society. which destroyed their natural goodness. Bing unable to populate separately. they were forced to trust on others. which created domination and inequality. which leads to competition for power and corruptness. The inequality besides led to the diminishment of commiseration and compassion. which was important to man’s ability to peacefully coexist. Rousseau’s thorough time-line of man’s status created a stronger and more agreeable statement than Hobbes’ pessimistic position of adult male.

Superbad Movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Superbad Movie - Essay Example Classic Hollywood movies were work of art that was devoted close to theoretical and critical attention of the movie plot and cinematic text and ideology. Genre analysis can be problematical though. What is called analysis or criticism is often little more than making note of superficial similarities or differences amongst films. This is true across film criticism in general. Rick Altman calls this approach to genre criticism the semantic approach—a focus on the more superficial aspects of films that fit into a given genre. A semantic examination would point out the character types, aesthetics, plot lines, etc., which are common to the films. The inevitable question that must arise from such an assessment is, â€Å"Why bother?† What good does it do to point out that noir films all make extensive use of light and shadow plot development for example, or that Westerns usually feature saloons? In this case genre analysis is no different from a similar analysis of a given individual film. To be valuable, genre analysis must bring deeper issues to the surface. In the context of this deeper, broader method of analysis, I think that genre criticism can be very useful. Qualities or incidences and similarities that seem insignificant in individual films can take on more meaning when connected with similar characteristics of other films in the genre—if we have shown the existence of the genre itself. So while the semantic approach is necessary, it is a means to an end—the end being the syntactic analysis which can then be taken up, and which can tell us something about the societies in which the films are produced and consumed. These high school comedy romance movies are new genre and all similar movies are based on almost the same story line. The existence of particular genres themselves is significant as well. Given that a group of films of this high school genre share a common lot of significant characteristics, we can and should then ask why this is