Disappearance of the Mayan Civilization Essay - 1008 Words

Disappearance of the Mayan Civilization Dawn Herron- (su200126206) Dr. Caren Stayer World Cultures I online 01/13/14 The End of the Maya Empire: In 800 A.D. the Maya Empire contained of a number of powerful city-states spreading from southern Mexico to northern Honduras. These cities were home to massive populations and were ruled by a leading choice that could understand vast armies and demanded to be inclined from the stars and planets themselves. Maya culture was at its highest, massive temples were lined up in exactness with the night sky, stone carvings were made to celebrate the events of great leaders and long distance skill was prosperous. However a hundred years later,†¦show more content†¦There are many schemes as to what happened to the Maya, but little consent among authorities. The Disaster Theory: Early Maya investigators believed that some tragic events that may have ruined the Maya. An earthquake, volcanic eruption or sudden widespread disease could have demolished cities and killed or evacuated tens of thousands of people, bringing the Maya civilization colliding down. These schemes have been rejected today largely, because of the fact that the weakening of the Maya took about 200 years, some cities fell while others increased, at least for a little while. An earthquake, disease or other widespread tragedy would have smothered out the great Maya cities at one time. The Warfare Theory: The Maya were once said to have been a peaceful, appeasing culture. This duplicate has been crushed by the historical record, new discoveries and newly decoded stone crafters plainly show that the Maya fought often and violently among themselves. City-states such as Dos Pilas, Tikal, Copà ¡n and Quirigua went to war with one another quite often. Dos Pilas was attacked and destroyed in 760 A.D. It is possible that war brings with it financial disaster as well as security damage that could have caused a major result in the Maya cities. The Famine Theory: Pre-classic Maya (1000 B.C. - 300 A.D.) practiced basic existence agriculture, slash-and-burn crop growing on small family plots. They planted mostly corn, beans and squash. On the coast and lakesShow MoreRelatedWhat Caused the Disappearance of the Mayan Civilization? Essay2582 Words   |  11 PagesIt is still a great mystery how the Mayan civilization disappeared. This complex society reached its zenith around approximately 750 AD. However, within the next two hundred years, this civilization which was epic in its time collapsed and disappeared leaving minimal traces and even more scanty detail about what could have caused this disappearance. This knowledge gap has led to a lot of debate among scholars over the various possible reasons behind what seems to us to be the abandonment and desertionRead MoreMaya And The Ancient Civilizations1283 Words   |  6 Pageshistorians still discuss when exactly the Maya civilizations started but the most commonly accepted date is 1800 BCE in the Soconusco Region. Unlike other Mesoamerican civilizations, Maya was not confined to one area of land but rather stretched out over Central America. To historians today, the Maya civilization reached its peak during the Classic Period between AD 250 and 900. At its peak, the Maya population was over 2,000,000 people. Excavations of Mayan cities have uncovered plazas, temples, pyramidsRead MoreThe Origins Of The Ancient Civilization1308 Words   |  6 PagesThat is what happened to the Mayans. In a time span of only one hundred years, the whole Maya population was wiped out. There are several theories about the cause of their decline. 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In the beginning the Mayans were thoughtRead MoreDiscuss What Different Theories Suggest About the Disappearance of the Mayans.1769 Words   |  8 Pagessuggest about the disappearance of the Mayans. The Mayan civilization began during 2000 B.C. and by 200 A.D. they had reached their peak of development, with more people per square kilometer than modern day New York. They were located throughout northern Central America, and present day southern Mexico. They continued to develop with forms of mathematics and astrometry, with observatories being built to follow the stars and planets. But during the 8th and 9th century the Mayans abandoned their citiesRead MoreExploring Ancient Mysteries Essay687 Words   |  3 Pagesto the great urban Mayan civilization, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the relatively abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization. * Tutankhamen died young, at approximately eighteen (18) years of age. 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What did he contribute in the journey toRead MoreA Brief Look at the Mayan Civilization Essay example1548 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the disappearance of the Olmec in 100 BCE many Mesoamerican complex societies arose and continued to carry on many of the things of the Olmec culture. The ceremonial centers that were now being established brought about large populations of residents to the area. Trade networks linked the new areas and extended across Mesoamerica. They developed similar to those in the eastern hemisphere. The earliest heirs to the Olmec were the Maya people. The Maya can be analyzed in terms of their cultureRead MoreThe And Its Impact On The Future1972 Words   |  8 Pagesbeen predicted by scientists, ancient civilizations, different religions, and many others. For example, Nostradamus was one of the most famous scientists that wrote many prophecies and events about the future, his predictions are known worldwide and have impacted societies; as him, there are other scientists such as Isaac Newton, Stephen Hawking, and Richard Noone. Moreover, the Mayans, an ancient civilization, known as one of the most advanced civilizations in the field of mathematics, astronomyRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Joichiro Nagase1856 Words   |  8 Pagesthe intricacies of a point in history almost long-forgotten. The five earliest civilizations, China, Indus-river valley, Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Mayan civilization. It was at that particular point in time, as Junichi would have it, that mankind firs t tasted greed. And with greed came significant individuals who reigned this human aspect to their control, manipulating such an amount of people to join their civilization and become their subjects. Back then, rich people had food, not money. If you

International Relations The Domestic And The International

International relations are often conceptualized as interactions between clearly delineated nation-states. In this globalizing world, however, transnational actors are playing an increasingly larger part. Diasporic communities hold significant political clout within their adopted lands, as well as their home countries. Accordingly, several scholars have strived to break away from that traditional dichotomy: the domestic versus the international. Expanding on Robert Putnam’s theory of international negotiations as a two-level process (in which politicians must simultaneously please their domestic constituency and the foreign states they are negotiating with), Yossi Shain and Tamara Coffman Wittes refer to a â€Å"three-level game†. Diasporas are distinct from the hostland as well as the homeland, existing in a third space that confers them with unique political agency. To Shain and Wittes, â€Å"diasporas cannot be viewed simply as a domestic constituency within their h ost state but must also be viewed as independent actors in the conflict resolution process† (Shain Wittes, 172). This distinction is particularly significant in light of the fact that the interests of a diasporic community are not always perfectly aligned with those of the residents of the homeland: Shain and Wittes argue that the primary value of the homeland within the diaspora consciousness is its symbolic power to convey and preserve identity – in contrast to those who live in the homeland, who may have moreShow MoreRelated Realism and Neo-Realism Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION The most historically entrenched theoretical perspective in international relations theory is that of classical realism. Surprisingly though classical realism was not sensationalized in the international relations arena until World War II despite its existence in fifth-century Athens. 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Nowadays, many people might think that International Human Resource Management (IHRM) is synonymous with expatriate management. However, IHRM covers more than just the management of expatriates. According to Laurent (1986, pp. 91-93), IHRM is a set of activities aimed managing organisational human resources at international level to achieve organisational goals and achieve competitive advantage over competitors at national and international level. IHRM includes typical HRM functions suchRead MoreWhat Are The Characteristics And Dynamics Of Liberalism And Neoliberalist Theories Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pages Within the field of international relations theory, neoliberalism and liberal theory have developed out of the notion of states cooperating within the international system. As states realized that through cooperation additional benefits can be gained in an anarchic world, institutions whose goal was to create cooperation among self-interested states took shape. As states initiated this type of multilateralism for mutual gain within the international system, scholars and theorist such as Stein, KeohaneRead MoreEssay on The Role of Religion in Foreign Policy1019 Words   |  5 Pages one needs to acknowledge that religion does play a role in foreign policy. However, the role religion plays in international relations is often overlooked. This omission of such an important factor that influences international politics in so many ways and on so many levels is detrimental and should be addressed (Fox, 2001:73). Religion influences international politics in varied ways. The phenomenal role of religion in foreign policy is not new or in dispute. Fox purports Read MoreThe Islamic Law s Enforcement Of Halal Regulations1675 Words   |  7 Pageshad an immense impact to the political and legal environments which are essential aspects in international marketing. 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They are always prepared for war, and will go on the off ensive if it means gaining more power and respect. Liberals do not think

Lump Sum Contract and Acceptance Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Lump Sum Contract and Acceptance Strategy. Answer: Lump Sum contract: A contract can be termed as the lump sum contract in case the contract agrees to sign an agreement with the building owner to undertake a particular work for a fixed amount of money. In case of the lump sum contract a single price is provided in the tender by the owner of the building with respect to the amount and the type of work that has to be carried out by a contractor (Wren and Davidson, 2011). A particular time frame is also provided by the client to complete the task. The payment is done by the client after the completion of the task or after the different phases of the construction is completed. Lump sum subject to rise and fall A contract can be termed as the lump sum contract subjected to rise and fall, if the payment that is associated with the project is subjected to rise and fall as per the risk that are related to the different stages of construction (Chan and Park, 2005). Cost plus a percentage A contract can be termed as the cost plus a percentage contract if the contractor associated with the construction of the project gets a certain percentage of the total cost of the project over the total cost of the project (Oulahen, 2014). The payment that has been made to the contractor over the total cost of the project can be taken as a pure profit by the contractor and are basically used to meet the other expenses like the overhead charges, phone bills, payments made to the clerical staffs and other administrative staffs or for paying premium of the insurance. Project management In the project management the client seeks to utilize the services of the professional project managers so that the professional contract managers can look after the various processes related to the contract and give them advice to select the most appropriate contract that will be suitable to achieve their goals. Schedule of rates In case of the schedule of rate contract the client produces the schedule of the work that has to be carried out without taking into consideration the quantities. The contractor rates the different tasks and the contractor the freedom to quote different prices that are related to the different price for the labour, different prices for the materials and the separate costs for the equipments which are associated with the project (Ishii, Takano and Muraki, 2014). Sub-contract The contract that takes place between the main contractor and the sub-contractor is called the sub-contract (Li, 2009). A sub-contract comprise of the agreement between the main contractor and the sub-contractor, order for the purchase and/or a legal document which explains the type of work that has to be carried out by the contractor. One of the best contract systems that will be suitable for the completion of the project 1 will be the lump sum contract system. The main benefit of the lump sum contract system is that the prices of the contract are known to the owner of the building beforehand. This contract also provides an opportunity to the contractor to find out ways to reduce the cost associated with the contract (Oulahen, 2014). Further the contract will provide a timeline to the contractor to complete the task and within a fixed budget. Variation The term variation can be explained as the various changes or alterations or modifications that are made in the scope of the work that is mentioned in the contract of a particular construction project. Prime cost items The prime cost item may be explained as the allowance that is associated with the contract so that the other important items which are not added into the contract like the taps, door knobs, parts of the windows etc. Provisional sum A provisional sum can be explained as the additional sum of money whose provision is made in the contract such that it covers the cost of the additional work that is needed to be carried out in the project but whose details are not included into the actual contract, like the work related to the joining the parts and the connections (Ogbu, Asuquo and Oyoh, 2012). Extension of time In certain contracts there are provisions for the extension in the time for the completion of the project tasks in certain conditions and only is the extension in the time of the project is not caused due to the fault of the contractor (Nyce and Maroney, 2011). The time period for which the project is extended is called as the extension of time (EOT) as per the contract. Liquidated damages The liquidity damages may be termed as the amount of money that is mentioned in writing in the contract and has to be paid by the party breaching the terms and condition of the contract, to the other party which has suffered losses due to the breach in the contract. Possession of the site The words Possession of the site is generally written in the contract to point out the right of the contractor to enter the site of construction so that he is able to carry out the activities related to the construction of the project 1. Cooling off period The cooling of period can be explained as the time period which are generally explained in the contract and points out the duration within which the client has the right to cancel the contract. Defects liability period The defects liability period may be explained as the time that is mentioned as per the contract, in which the client has the right to report about any defects in the work that is associated with the contractor (Oladapo, 2007). In the general practices the issues related to the defects in the work done by the contractor is raised in front of the contract administrator, who in turn takes a decision that whether a particular defect has been caused due to the negligence of the contractor or the defect is caused due to the improper use or lack of maintenance of the house. In general practice the defects liability period is generally spanned from six to twelve months. Retention The retention time period may be expressed as the time period which has been prescribed as per the law, that the owner of the project has to retain the documents that are related to the project before the files are disposed (Nyce and Maroney, 2011). In general there are several documents that are retained by the owner of the building, which are illustrated as follows: 1. Various legal documents such as the estate titles and the documents related to the contract of the project and the documents related to the land surrounding the project area. 2. Different policy records like the records related to the survey of the land, reports related to the evaluation of the building etc. 3. Different administrative records that is associated with the maintenance, repair and the reconstruction of the various parts of project. Progress claims The progress claim can be defined as the amount of the money that is claimed by the contractor for the owner of the project after a certain amount of task is completed. In the documents that are related to the progress claim the various works for which the claims are generally made is mentioned (Ranasinghe, 2000). Along with this the claim documents also covers the information related to the time duration in which claimed money has to be recovered, the due payment, the date of payment of the claimed amount and the process that has been adopted by the contractor to calculate the amount claimed. The five essential features of building contract are illustrated as follows: Payment: One of the main features of a building contract is the terms of payment associated with the project. The payments comprise of the accurate estimation of the overall cost of the building construction and the mode which will be adopted for the payment related to a specific project. Scope of the services: It is important that the scope of the services that are associated with the project is properly mentioned in the contract. The scope of the services forms the basis for the formation of the terms and conditions that are associated with the project. A the scope of the work that has to be performed by the building contractor has to be clearly mentioned in the contract. Guarantee of Workmanship: The guarantee of the workmanship refers to the guarantee of the work that is provided by the contractor in writing and is mentioned in the contract properly (Wren and Davidson, 2011). The guarantee of the work can be related to both the services and the equipments that are supplied by the contractor and the guarantee of the workmanship is applicable only for a fixed time period which is also mentioned in the contract. Liquidity Damage clause: The liquidity damage clause is a very important feature of the building contract. The liquidity damages may be termed as the amount of money that is mentioned in writing in the contract and has to be paid by the party breaching the terms and condition of the contract, to the other party which has suffered losses due to the breach in the contract (Kumar and Mishra, 2015). Site location: The location of the site along with the overall description of the site is very much essential for the formation of the contract and deciding the terms and conditions of the contract formation. This information is important to collect before the starting of the construction begins at the site.a) The three most possible causes which caused the breach of the contract by the client that could lead to the termination of the contract are as follows: 1. In ability to make the payment by the client for the work done. 2. Giving contract to another contractor to perform the task without taking the consent of the main contractor. 3. Failure to provide access to the contractor at the work site (Zhang et al., 2012). The three most possible causes which has resulted in the breach of the contract by the me, the builder, that could lead to the possible termination of the contract are as follows: Not carrying out the work as per the scope of the work mentioned in the contract. Not rectifying the defects even after repeated notices by the client. Not being able to adhere to the deadline and huge delays due to which losses are suffered by the client, than the client has the right to cancel the contract. The different documents that form an important part of the contract are illustrated as follows: 1. Drawings: Drawings related to the building construction can be described as the graphical representation of the various building structures that will constructed under the contract. The drawings of the building structures also points towards the location of a particular building structure in the overall building. 2. Specifications: The documents describing the various details of the scope of work that is to carried out by the contract is termed as the specifications. The specification documents comprise of the details of the codes and the standards that has top followed during the construction of the building structures. 3. Agreement: The documents which is identified by all the stakeholders as part of the agreement is very important for the construction of the building contract (Zima, 2015). The documents related to the agreement describe the timeline of the construction of the building and the schedule of payments of the construction work carried out by the contractor (Kumar and Mishra, 2015). 4. Conditions: The conditions are that document that contains the legal rights of both the client and the contractor. These documents give the different methods that have to be followed in case any dispute arises between the client and the contractor. The condition documents also comprise of the different clauses that are related to the insurance, safety, rules of termination and the jurisdiction area. The contract that has been selected for the construction of the Project 1 will be the cost plus percentage contract system Contract Parties: The XYZ developers, Elizabeth road, NSW and the Tony Johnson, Lenin street, NSW have come together hereby to agree that a house will be constructed at the property that is situated as 14, Lenin street and are legally defined as the lots 6,7 and the south1/2 Lot 3, West 60 feet, south of lot 4, west 50 foot of lot 5 and lot 8, block no. 31, 14 Lenin street, NSW. Contract documents: The contract terms and condition comprise of the various documents that are illustrated below and comprise of the complete terms of the agreement that is made between both the parties (Chan and Park, 2005). The terms and condition will be prevailing over any conflicting provision in the documents which are incorporated as a reference: The plans and the architectural drawings which are dated 7/ July/2016 with a total of 25 pages are hereby incorporated into this document. The documents related to specifications that are dated 7/July/2016 with a total of 15 pages are hereby incorporated into this document. The schedule of the items allowed with date 7/July/2016 with 13 number of pages are hereby incorporated into this document. Building Plans: The contractor has agreed to construct that the building will be constructed in accordance with the specifications and the designs which have to be supplied by the client and are added as a reference in the paragraph III Contract documents. The sole owner of the plans and the designs of the building is the buyer and only he has the legal right to use the plans and designs (Ishii, Takano and Muraki, 2014). Hereby the owner of the building declares that the builder is harmless to the any copyright issues which might crop up die to the application of the building plans. Completion time: After taking into consideration the different conditions and factors, it has been agreed upon by both the parties that is the weather conditions permits than the building shall be constructed completely a time period of no less than 200 days. After the possession of all the permits that are required to start the construction activity, the process of construction has to begin within thirty days. Financing: This contract is contingent upon the buyer obtaining a construction loan in the amount of $ 275,000. The total fees and the expenses that are related to obtaining the loan has to borne by the owner of the building (Li, 2009) . There is no requirement for the builder to start the construction activity is there is no proper confirmation in writing provided by the owner about the confirmation of the loan from the lender. Contract price: Hereby the owner of the project declares to pay a total of $ 275,000 to the builder on the successful of the building as per the terms and the conditions that has been mentioned in the contract and the builder agrees to provide all the labor, materials, equipment, tools, and other services necessary to construct the house (Ogbu, Asuquo and Oyoh, 2012). After the successful completion of the project 65% of the total cost of the project will be paid while remaining will be paid after the final inspection and acceptance. Access to the property site: It is the responsibility of the owner of the property to provide safe access to the builder to the site. Inspection and final acceptance: After the final inspection the owner will provide the builder the deficiencies if there are any, in the building. the final occupation will provided to the owner only after the final inspection is over and the final payment is completed. Effective Date and Signature: This contract shall become effective on the date it is signed by both parties. We, the undersigned, have read, understood, and agree to each of the provisions of this contract and hereby acknowledge receipt of a copy of this contract. By: _ on behalf of_ Title:_ Date : _ By:_ Date : _ By: _ Date :_ Attached Contract Documents: Final Contract 1. Plans and Specifications 2. Allowance Schedule The value of margin= 12% and GST = 10%. Total= 22% TRADE AREA GROSS VALUE ($) VALUE OF MARGIN AND GST ($) NET VALUE ($) % OF NET CONTRACT Preliminaries 25000 5500 30500 11.09% Excavator 5000 1100 6100 2.21% Concreter 19000 4180 23180 8.42% Bricklayer 24000 5280 29280 10.64% Carpenter 43000 9460 52460 19.076% Joiner 15000 3300 18300 6.65% Doors and Windows 26000 5720 31720 11.534% Roofer 16000 3520 19520 7.09% Linings/Insulation 20000 4400 24400 8.872% Electrician (Provisional Sum) 24000 5280 29280 10.64% Plumber and Drainer (Provisional sum) 24000 5280 29280 10.64% Tiler 12000 2640 14640 5.32% Painter 10000 2200 12200 4.436% Landscaper (Provisional sum) 12000 2640 14640 5.323% CONTRACT SUM 275000 TRADE VALUE ($) Month 1, % Complete Claim For Month 1 Month 2, % Complete Claim For Month 2 Month 3, % Complete Claim For Month 3 Month 4, % Complete Claim For Month 4 Month 5, % Complete Claim For Month 5 Month 6, % Complete Claim For Month 6 Month 7, % Complete Claim For Month 7 Preliminaries 25000 35 8750 45 11250 60 15000 75 18750 90 22500 95 23750 100 25000 Excavator 5000 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 Concreter 19000 60 11400 100 19000 100 19000 100 19000 100 19000 100 19000 100 19000 Bricklayer 24000 20 4800 70 16800 100 24000 100 24000 100 24000 100 24000 100 24000 Carpenter 43000 0 0 30 12900 75 32250 100 43000 100 43000 100 43000 100 43000 Joiner 15000 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 3000 50 7500 95 14250 100 15000 Doors and Windows 26000 10 2600 60 15600 80 20800 100 26000 100 26000 100 26000 100 26000 Roofer 16000 0 0 0 0 70 11200 95 15200 100 16000 100 16000 100 16000 Linings/Insulation 20000 5 1000 5 1000 10 2000 60 12000 100 20000 100 20000 100 20000 Electrician (Provisional Sum) 24000 10 2400 18 4320 18 4320 60 14400 75 18000 85 20400 100 24000 Plumber and Drainer (Provisional sum) 24000 0 0 18 4320 18 4320 60 14400 75 18000 85 20400 100 24000 Tiler 12000 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 1800 60 7200 100 12000 100 12000 Painter 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 3000 75 7500 100 10000 Landscaper (Provisional sum) 12000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1200 100 12000 Contract Sum 275000 35950 90190 137890 196550 229200 252500 275000 Money paid After Completion = 50% of contract sum= $137500 Total Money Paid after DLP = $137500. References Chan, S. and Park, M. (2005). Project cost estimation using principal component regression. Construction Management and Economics, 23(3), pp.295-304. Ishii, N., Takano, Y. and Muraki, M. (2014). An order acceptance strategy under limited engineering man-hours for cost estimation in EngineeringProcurementConstruction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 32(3), pp.519-528. Kumar, S. and Mishra, A. (2015). Critical Erosion Area Identification Based on Hydrological Response Unit Level for Effective Sedimentation Control in a River Basin. Water Resour Manage, 29(6), pp.1749-1765. Li, H. (2009). Study on Construction Cost of Construction Projects. Asian Social Science, 5(8). Nyce, C. and Maroney, P. (2011). Are Territorial Rating Models Outdated in Residential Property Insurance Markets? Evidence From the Florida Property Insurance Market. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 14(2), pp.201-232. Ogbu, C., Asuquo, C. and Oyoh, A. (2012). Factors Affecting the Pre-Contract use of the Bill of Quantities. FJOTE, 7(1). OHTSU, H., MIKAKE, S., IJIRI, Y. and SAKAI, K. (2006). A Study On Estimation Of Cost Variation On Tunnel Construction Projects. Journal of Construction Management, JSCE, 13, pp.101-114. Oladapo, A. (2007). A quantitative assessment of the cost and time impact of variation orders on construction projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 5(1), pp.35-48. Oulahen, G. (2014). Flood Insurance in Canada: Implications for Flood Management and Residential Vulnerability to Flood Hazards. Environmental Management, 55(3), pp.603-615. Ranasinghe, M. (2000). Impact of correlation and induced correlation on the estimation of project cost of buildings. Construction Management and Economics, 18(4), pp.395-406. Wren, D. and Davidson, G. (2011). Using lake sedimentation rates to quantify the effectiveness of erosion control in watersheds. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 66(5), pp.313-322. Zhang, L., Luo, T., Liu, X. and Wang, Y. (2012). Altitudinal variation in leaf construction cost and energy content of Bergenia purpurascens. Acta Oecologica, 43, pp.72-79. Zima, K. (2015). The Case-based Reasoning Model of Cost Estimation at the Preliminary Stage of a Construction Project. Procedia Engineering, 122, pp.57-64.

What Does Beatrice’s Language Show free essay sample

What does Beatrice’s language show about her attitudes towards different men in the two different scenes you have studied? 10th February 2012 Introduction Much ado nothing is a romantic Shakespeare play about two couples of lovers. The play is set in Messina, deep in the heart of Italy and is based in Elizabethan times. The lovers are namely; Claudio and Hero, Bennedick and Beatrice. Claudio is a noble Florentine count from Florence. Bennedick is a war hero from Padua. Both are honourable war heroes fighting for Don Pedro the prince of Aragon. Beatrice is the niece of Leonato the Governor of Messina. At the beginning of the play Don Pedro and his valiant fighters return from the wars to Messina. While at Messina Claudio immediately falls in love with Hero. However Beatrice and Bennedick trade insults and banter. Bennedick and Beatrice seem to have more experience in love as they take the more cautious approach. We will write a custom essay sample on What Does Beatrice’s Language Show or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Claudio immediately falls in love with Hero and show no hesitations into throwing himself head first in a relationship. Bennedick seems to have held many relationships with different women,† Then is courtesy a turn coat. But it is certain I am loved of all ladies only you excepted† he states rather regretfully. This shows that perhaps even though he is loved all ladies, the only one lacking is the only one he is interested in. The play is rather merry and light-headed to start with, people meeting and trying to impress each other with clever speech and poetic sentences. However there are no indications of darker moments destined to happen later in the play. STEP 2 Beatrice is not the typical Elizabethan woman, she is not afraid to make use of her wits at insulting and sharing sexual innuendo with other men. Signor Mountanto† is the insulting name which she devised for Bennedick at the start of the play, this name has two meanings. Firstly Mountanto is a move in fencing, it is the upward thrust of the sward which suggests she thinks he is stuck up and to arrogant for his own good. But also the more devious meaning could be referring to Bennedick as being rather popular with the woman, he even says so himself later â€Å"But it is certain I am loved of all ladies†. She could be referring to him as being a bit of a Wing man because Mountanto could be a reference to the move mounting in sexual intercourse. She gets the better of everyone she argues with â€Å"You always end with a jades trick, I know you of old†. This means that she has some history with him, however Elizabethan women of the time rarely spoke showing that Beatrice has a rather unique individual personality. Perhaps it’s the fact she was brought up an orphan by her Uncle that made her the way she was. She’s tough on the outside and likes to make sarcastic comments to make herself look full of personality. However on the inside she is like any other woman. I was born to speak all matter and no Mirth† she tells Don Pedro later in a conversation. We know from contextual knowledge she is the orphan of Leonato relative. Perhaps the loss of her parents and other events in her childhood have actually shaped her into the loud mouthed, well-spoken individual she is in the play. Beatrice’s weaknesses definitely do not include speaking and confidence but rather keeping her mouth shut and refrainin g from insulting everyone she clashes with. She’s bold, quick to insult and proud. Perhaps the word Arrogant sums her up in full. At the beginning of the play Beatrice cannot wait to show her disgust for Bennedick interrupting with â€Å"I pray you, is Signor Mountanto returned from the wars or no†? This shows he is clearly in her thoughts but she is somehow keen to show everyone else her dislike for him. Mountanto was a fencing move of the time, so she probably meant for people to think she was implying that he was proud and stuck up. However her sarcastic tone shades it in a completely different light all together. She also probably was referring to mounting (in intercourse) as an inside joke to those who scrambled deeper into the comment. This was to impress people with her ability to give a word two directions. However beneath all this fancy language we can derive that Bennedick was painted all over Beatrice’s thoughts and she cannot resist asking about his well-being. When the messenger states he knows none of that name, Hero her cousin says â€Å"My cousin means Signor Bennedick of Padua† this clearly shows that not only is Bennedick and Beatrice’s thoughts he is also a subject of conversation and discussion between Beatrice and Hero. The way Beatrice speaks seemingly spitefully about Bennedick shows us she is perhaps interested in Bennedick and trying not to arouse the suspicion of the messenger and her uncle. By adding sarcastic comments and insults where Bennedick name appears shows us she is trying hard not to bring out her real feelings for him, the name â€Å"Signor Mountanto† is one of the names Beatrice has devised to insult Bennedick however the fact that the name is so complex in meaning and the inside joke so well thought out shows us she has really thought about this insult and it has not an insult off the top of her head. Beatrice is more devious and careful about relationships than Claudio who seems rather desperate to get with Hero and throw himself headfirst into a relationship that he perhaps knows nothing about. This suggests perhaps she has more experience in love and relationships and has also experienced disappointment and is afraid of it. STEP 3 When Bennedick and Beatrice meet they immediately engage in a fierce verbal battle, trading insults and arguing dramatically. â€Å"Beatrice: I wonder that you will still be talking Signor Bennedick, nobody marks you. Bennedick: My dear lady disdain. Are you yet living? This short extract tells us that the Bennedick and Beatrice clearly have some history. At the time people meeting for the first time would strive to impress each other with elegant speech and poetic talk as the messenger said to Leonato in the introduction â€Å"doing in the figure of a lamb the feats of a lion† later Leonato responds with â€Å"How much better is it to weep a t joy, than to joy at weeping†. The messenger is trying to impress Leonato with alliterations Figure of a Lamb (beginning with F and L) and then saying something the opposite (Feats of a Lion) but beginning with the same letter. After hearing this play with words Leonato feels obliged to respond later with word play â€Å"How much better is it to weep at joy, than to joy at weeping† this highlights that first impressions at the time were important and seen as a chance to promote ones image and create awe. However as Bennedick and Beatrice have some history and know each other well as Beatrice later says â€Å"You always end with a Jade’s trick, I know you of old† this quote shows that perhaps Beatrice not only knows Bennedick well but also argues regularly with him too. This argument is perhaps not the first argument in their â€Å"merry war†. The fact that they argue also suggests something else. The reason for their argument could have been caused by the fact that they perhaps had a failed relationship before or disagreement â€Å"Indeed my lord, he leant it me awhile and I gave use for it, a double heart for his single one. Marry, once before he won it of me with false dice: therefore your grace may well say I have lost it† this is a short extract taken from Beatrice’s conversation with Don Pedro later on. It shows that perhaps Beatrice regrets losing her relationship with Bennedick. However despite this what entertains the audience most is Beatrice and Bennedick’s arguments. Conflicts are what make things interesting. They make entertainment successful because more often than not, there is a resolution, a road to recovery and that’s what makes them so satisfying to watch. The same applies to much ado nothing, if everything was a rosy garden than the film would bear no purpose and entertainment. To make a play interesting there must always be a spanner in the works; a few examples: Eastenders and The Simpsons are just a few examples. These programs have conflicts and arguments quite regularly; it’s the argument that produces an interesting scene and an interesting solution. However one thing must be made straight, in Elizabethan times it was more difficult to rehearse and display convincing physical conflicts, therefore the solution was to put in verbal conflicts instead. This made sure there was some sort of problem in the play but it was realistic and convincing enough to entertain the audience. Comedy conflicts usually include some banter which makes the audience laugh and after all making an audience laugh is the key to success in plays intended for the upper class to watch in Elizabethan times. STEP 4 Beatrice has not had too good an experience with love as Shakespeare portrays especially well in the conversation involving Beatrice and Don Pedro. In the rest of the play we get the impression that Beatrice is loud mouthed and proud however in this conversation she seems more humble and more willing to speak honestly and not sarcastically because of Don Pedro. Don Pedro was the prince at the time it was custom that all ladies respected him because of his high social status. Beatrice was no exception. She tells Don Pedro of her failed relationship with Bennedick rather regretfully â€Å"Indeed my lord, he leant it me awhile and I gave use for it, a double heart for his single one. Marry, once before he won it of me with false dice: therefore your grace may well say I have lost it† this extract shows that underneath the strong personality Beatrice is the same as everyone else. She too has her ups and downs. Due to her failed relationship with Bennedick she has a negative approach to relationships because she is weary of disappointment. This is much unlike Claudio who has probably never held a relationship, never been cheated on and never experienced disappointment. When Don Pedro said â€Å"will you have me lady† Beatrice replies â€Å"No, my lord, unless I might have another for working days. Your grace is too costly to wear everyday† this is the first time the audience have heard Beatrice down grading herself and being modest, she is perhaps feeling honoured to not only be talking to Don Pedro the Prince but to have been proposed to by Don Pedro. From this we can draw that the person that Beatrice appears to be throughout the rest of the play; tough, proud and arrogant is not her real self. Underneath she is the same as everyone else she has emotions and can be modest too. In conclusion, Beatrice reacts differently to different men depending on who they are. She has history with Bennedick which might explain her aggressive and sarcastic attitude towards Bennedick. Don Pedro the prince and is of high social status so she tones down her attitude, becomes modest suddenly and respects Don Pedro well. To the messenger she is not afraid to share some banter and speak rudely and to Leonato her uncle, she maintains the same arrogant attitude but with a respect for him. The contrasting attitudes make Beatrice seem like many different people and the fact that she has so many different reactions towards different people in the same situation entertains the audience because one person has never had so many different personalities.

Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay Essay Example

Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay Essay This assignment will allow the writer explain an facet of nursing attention within mental wellness function. As it is stated in the NMC ( 2008 ) as a wellness professional, you are personally accountable for actions and skips in your pattern so this is taking into consideration when treating any intercessions with service users. The writer is traveling to critical discuss and examine in item the assisting attacks used in the intervention of intoxicant maltreatment and draw decisions from them as what is seen as best grounds pattern. The facet of nursing that the writer is traveling to discourse is motivational questioning from the pattern of handling alcohol addiction. This is where that writer foremost seen Motivational Interviewing being used in a Community Drug and Alcohol arrangement. Miller and Rollnick ( 1991 ) defined motivational interviewing as a directive, client centred counselling manner for arousing behaviour alteration by assisting clients to research and decide ambivalency and stated in the Oxford University Dictionary ( 2005 ) ( internet ref 1 ) motive is described as the ground or grounds behind one s actions or behavior and this is the extreme importance for a service user to be at a phase of desiring to alter for themselves and non for others such as household members. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care Within Mental Health Role Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This thesis will be looking at the rule of motivational interviewing ( MI ) and the client centred attack that was produced by Carl Rogers in ( 1951 ) which has provided the underpinning of MI. Besides, it will discourse the usage of Motivational Interviewing when a client wants to go abstainer from intoxicant and the phases of alteration theoretical account set up by Prochaska, Norcross and DiClemente ( 1982 ) that has become a tool used when looking at the different alterations in which a client could be placed in. The thesis will besides look at the positive and negative utilizations of MI in alcohol addiction. Introduction of Motivation Interviewing Motivational interviewing ( MI ) was developed to handle job drinkers and was foremost described by Miller ( 1983, cited by Rollnick and Miller 1995 ) in an article discoursing Behavioural Psychotherapy. Subsequently in 1991 Rollnick and Miller characterized Motivation Interviewing as a directing, client-centred guidance manner for arousing behaviour alteration by assisting clients to research and decide ambivalency . It was in 2002 where they subsequently explained that Motivational Interviewing was an assistance to ease the motion through decisional analysis and behavior alteration . Furthermore, LA Lawendowski ( 1998 ) ( Internet ref 3 ) provinces that motivational interviewing is a client-centred therapy and has phases of alteration in the natural recovery from dependence. However, the theoretical account has been used for assortment of other jobs such as Drug Abuse ( Scott et al, 1996 ) Smoking ( Rollnick, S et Al, 1997 ) Gambling Problems ( Diskin and Hodgins 2009 ) Drug Dependence ( Saunders, B et Al, 1995 and Miller, W et Al, 2003 ) Excessive imbibing ( reexamine see Vasilaki et Al, 2006 ) ( Arkowitz, H and Miller, W.R 2008 ) . Motivational interviewing is a psychotherapeutics method which lets the service user to influence and enables alterations in their lives ( Hussein Rassool, G and Kilpatrick, B.1998 ) . Motivational interviewing is a type of reding which allows the service users to discourse helpfully about altering their behavior within alcohol addiction ( Obert, JL 2005 ) ( Internet ref 2 ) . This type of intercession is exceptionally helpful for those service users who are disinclined to alter their life style and open about altering. It s designed to decide ambivalency as it will take the service user to come on following to the way of alteration. Rollnick, Miller and Butler ( 2008 ) states that if a patient appears to be unmotivated to alter that there is nil anybody can make to alter this. They suggest that this statement is normally wrong. They believe that the attack a professional should take is to speak with the patient about their wellness. This can significantly rock their personal motive for behaviour alteration. Arkowitz and Miller ( 2008 ) states that motivational interviewing Is to increase intrinsic motive to alter that which arises from personal ends and values instead than from such external beginnings as others efforts to carry, cajole or hale the individual to alter . By professional organic structures or even household members supercharging the client to alter this can hold an opposite consequence and do that individual have a lessen aspiration to alter. Brehm and Brehm ( 1981 ) reported that when a client is placed into this state of affairs they become loath to alter as they perceive a menace to their personal freedom. Miller and Rollnick ( 2002 ) have mentioned that there is a difference among the technique and the spirit of Motivational Interviewing. If the professional organic structure gets engrossed by the technique, they likely risk the loss of the overall spirit of Motivational Interviewing. Miller and Rollnick ( 1995 ) mentioned that We believe it is critical to separate between the spirit of motivational interviewing and techniques that we have recommended to attest that spirit. Clinicians and trainers who become excessively focussed on affairs of technique can lose sight of the spirit and manner that are cardinal to the attack . Rollnick, Miller and Butler ( 2008 ) characterized the spirit as the following header Collaborative, redolent and honouring of patient liberty: Collaboration. Is where there is a joint decision-making procedure. This is of import in the wellness behavior alteration as it is merely the patient who can originate alterations. Evocative. This happens when the client triggers their ain motives and resources to alter. The client will hold their ain ends and aspirations and dreams so they do non necessitate the way from the professional organic structure. Honoring patients liberty. This is where MI accepts that the clients have a pick about the alteration in their lives and the professional organic structures still can rede, inform and on juncture can warn but their picks it is finally the clients pick ( Rollnick, S et al 2008 ) . They describe this manner of interaction as non-directing but steering, dancing and non wrestling, listening at least every bit much as stating. Phillips and Callaghan ( 2009 ) agrees with this statement and describes motivational interviewing as the following the nurse must avoid lecture, faulting and arousing guilt as this is of import as these places are likely to take to patient defensiveness and the nurse will follow the impersonal place in relation to the person s substance usage . As mentioned before that motivational interviewing is a client-centred attack which needs a curative relationship between the client and the professional organic structure as it is needed for alteration harmonizing to Carl Rogers ( 1951 ) . Three of these to reference that are linked to the spirit of motivational interviewing are therapist genuineness, empathy and unconditioned positive respect. Miller and Rollnick ( 2002 ) mentioned that motivational interviewing is a client-centred or individ ual centred in its focal point on the concerns and positions of the person, every bit good as in our heavy trust on and liability to the work of Carl Rogers and his co-workers. In this sense, motivational interviewing is an development of the client-centerd attack that Rogers developed. Arkowitz and Burke ( 2008 ) province that Motivational Interviewing is different than Carl Rogers attack as the importance of the intensifying intrinsic motive to alter, deciding ambivalency about alteration and the increasing alteration talk through selective responding. It is non uncommon for people to experience ambivalent about alterations in their lives. It is said that it a normal and common constituent of psychological job. Rollnick and Miller ( 1991 ) province that ambivalency is a province of head in which a individual has coexisting but conflicting experiencing about something. Clients who have an habit-forming job who so proceeds with reding will experience conflicting experiencing about their motive. A client can go non-cooperative with the counselor and back once more in a few proceedingss. Orford ( 1985 ) province that when it comes to habit-forming behavior struggles clearly plays a cardinal function. Clients who have imbibing jobs most times acknowledged that the hazards, cost and injury implicated their behavior. The clients are invariably traveling back and forward as they are non certain what to make about their state of affairs. Miller and Rollnick ( 1991 ) explain ambivalency as non a bad mark but to see it to be normal, accepta ble and apprehensible. Once the counselor understands this of ambivalency the counselor will cover with the client in a wholly different manner. Once the counselor realizes the normalcy of ambivalency and the manner in which it works. There will be a noticeable addition of verbal communicating and less opposition between the client and counselor. Their curative relationship will better. Motivational Interviewing is said to back up the client preparedness to alter and supply them with the accomplishments, helps and schemes for alteration ( Miller and Rollnick 1991, Hester and Miler 1989 ) . When looking at the client s ambivalency it can be place on the phases of alteration by Prochaska and DiClemente ( 1982, 1984, 1985 and 1986 ) . Miller and Rollnick ( 2002 ) describe Motivational Interviewing as a tool to help clients through decisional analysis and behavioral alterations. However, in 2001 Bishop refers to Motivational Interviewing as a method adjusted from the theoretical account called Cycle of alteration that was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente ( 1982, 1984, 1985 and 1986 ) . The client varies with respects to where they are on the rhythm of alteration. There are six phases in which the client can put themselves on. The phases of alteration are: Pre-contemplation this is where the client has non recognized that there is a issue with their behavior that needs to be changed Contemplation this is where they have recognized that there is an issue but non yet prepared or convinced ofA desiring to do a alteration Preparation/Determination the clients fixing for alteration where planning and committedness are secured Action/Willpower the client changes their behavior Maintenance client keeping the behavioral alterations Relapse this is where the client returns to their older behavior and renounce the recent alterations ( Internet ref 4 ) This rhythm is non fixed, it is unstable. The client is able start and coating anyplace within the rhythm. As like most alkies if they are non committed to alter their behavior sing their imbibing so relapses do happen. Prochaska and DiClemente ( 1983 ; 1983 ) province that wheel theoretical accounts approach allow the client to travel in and out of assorted phases of alteration. Prochaska and DiClemente ( 1991 ) suggest that people move both forwards and backwards round the rhythm of alteration, and spend changing sums of clip at each phase. Peoples pass through all phases. An illustration of this could be a client in the action phase into backsliding and so develop into pre-contemplative about alteration. Furthermore, the client could travel to preparation phrase from the backsliding phase. This could assist the client in taking obstructions that may hold disallowed them efficaciously keeping the yearning to alter their behavior ( Schulz, J. and Floyd, M.R 2002 ) . Prochaska and P rochaska ( 1991 ) suggested that if there is a mismatch between phases and procedures so the motion through the phases will be impeded and the individual will look immune or non-compliant. Equally good as the phases of alteration Motivational Interviewing has four guiding rules. Miller, Rollnick and Butler ( 2008 ) province that these are the guiding rules: Resist Understand Listen Empower This is merely a touch on what Motivational Interviewing is approximately and on the following chapter it will discourse the research for and against Motivational Interviewing in alcohol addiction. Critical discuss Motivational Interviewing in Alcoholism

Hobbes vs Rousseau Essay Essays

Hobbes vs Rousseau Essay Essays Hobbes vs Rousseau Essay Paper Hobbes vs Rousseau Essay Paper In the 17th and 18th centuries. the Age of Enlightenment was an of import cultural motion of intellectuals in Europe. Philosophers of the clip interpreted many theories and constructs about adult male and inequality in civilisation and besides thoughts about authorities and the ways in which society could be controlled. Many believed that worlds were of course good. while others believed that worlds were inherently bad. The statement of nature has lasted throughout clip without a unequivocal reply. but with centuries of philosophical statements to help in the apprehension of our ain human nature. Two of import philosophers of this clip period were Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Both philosophers wrote about their thoughts of human nature and the province of nature. besides turn toing equality within the province and the function authorities and civilisation dramas in man’s actions. While Hobbes had a really misanthropic position of adult male. believing adult male to be barbarous and violent working merely towards self-interest. Rousseau had a more positive position ; picturing adult male as basically good and compassionate. believing that merely through society and civilisation does adult male go corrupt. Although both philosophers’ statements are good developed and supported. Rousseau’s apprehension of the natural adult male and the province of nature is stronger than Hobbes’ opposing positions. Rousseau’s positive position of human nature illustrates adult male as life in harmoniousness with nature while Hobbes’ pessimistic position portrays adult male moving merely for opportunism. Rousseau views the world as inherently good. capable of experiencing compassion and commiseration for others about him every bit good as amour propre. The status of this natural adult male is a adult male without any signifiers of civilisation. including apparels and linguistic communication. Man is able to populate separately. peacefully and in harmoniousness when he is in this province of built-in goodness. However. through civilisation adult male becomes â€Å"wicked. † Oppression and laterality develop through the development of civilisation. besides making inequality among work forces. destructing the harmoniousness in which they lived. When adult male is able to fulfill his ain demands. he is able to populate peacefully ( Rousseau 161 ) . Through development of society. adult male is weakened and begins to depend on others to prolong his life. making subjugation and doing adult male to lose his natural goodness. Hobbes disagrees with Rousseau’s positive position of the nature of adult male. believing that work forces are instinctively violent and evil. moving merely out of opportunism or for self-gain. He believes work forces are invariably in competition to go superior in worth or award. making continual green-eyed monster and force among each other. Hobbes believes that work forces are so barbarous and wicked they are unable to last as persons but need a strong. card inal authorization to coerce peace and cooperation among work forces. Hobbes provinces. â€Å"Without the panic of some power to do them to be observed. are contrary to our natural passions. that carry us to fondness. pride. retaliation and the similar. † ( Hobbes 106 ) . Hobbes believes that in order to command man’s natural immorality. they need to fear the jurisprudence. Hobbes admits that inequality is a merchandise of making this commonwealth. but. unlike Rousseau’s thought of inequality in society. Hobbes says work forces are nescient to the inequality. believing that the compacts create equal footings of jurisprudence among work forces. This false sense of equality is able to command the force and competition among work forces. leting them to coexist more peacefully. So while Rousseau credits civilisation to the devastation of peace and goodness. Hobbes does non believe adult male has any built-in goodness and thinks civilisation is the lone manner to avoid war. Although Hobbes and Rousseau agree that in a province of nature work forces are equal. they have opposing positions of what adult male is like in this province. A province of nature is a term used to depict a province missing a signifier of authorities or Torahs. Rousseau believes in the province of nature. adult male lives separately in harmoniousness with nature. Rousseau addresses this natural adult male as a â€Å"savage adult male. † saying that their actions are determined by their demands and these demands are met without the aid of others. In this nature. work forces are peaceable and good. Work force besides have a natural sense of commiseration and compassion in this province ( Rousseau 163 ) . Because adult male lives solitarily. there is no 1 to rule or command and therefore no competition for power. Rousseau believes that this peace is sustained by the ability of the barbarian adult male to experience compassion. which allows them to regulate the peace of their nature. However. this peace is diminished as inequality becomes prevailing through the patterned advance of society. As belongings and household units evolved. adult male began to alter his life style and accomplishments and endowments developed ( Rousseau 164 ) . Families weakened adult male and adult female in head and organic structure. doing them to trust on others to successfully carry through their demands. This was the important portion in development of subjugation and domination. because inequality occurs when adult male becomes dependent on others to last. Rousseau provinces. â€Å"But the minute one adult male needed the aid of another ; every bit shortly as it was found to be utile for one to hold commissariats for two. equality disappeared. belongings appeared. † ( Rousseau 167 ) . The relationship between slave-master or worker-owner develop when work forces requires the aid of another. Inequality creates subjugation and domination. which. harmonizing to Rousseau. destroy man’s built-in goodness. Hobbes’ position of human nature contrasts Rousseau’s dramatically. seeing as Hobbes believed adult male to be of course wicked and merely through authorities systems are work forces able to populate peacefully. Hobbes compares adult male to a machine. invariably in gesture and ever seeking something ( 3 ) . He believes human nature is to move for their ain opportunism. which causes work forces to be in changeless competition for award or worth. making a province of war. Because Hobbes believes that work forces are invariably in a province of war. he believes that work forces are ever seeking to increase their power to be superior to others. He believes that in the province of nature where adult male is non governed by cardinal authorization. work forces are invariably in competition. Jealousy and competition among work forces make it impossible for work forces to populate peacefully in a province of nature. making the demand for a strong. cardinal authorization to regulate over the peace of adult male. Contrary to Rousseau. Hobbes believes that authorities is a manner for people to â€Å"get themselves out of that suffering status of war. † by regulating peace that work forces are incapable of entirely ( Hobbes 106 ) . Hobbes believes that through strong authorities. work forces are forced to coexist peacefully. because compact creates a false sense of equality among work forces. Hobbes believes that work forces are incapable of lasting separately. unlike Rousseau who believes that work forces are better made to populate separately. Their differing positions of built-in behaviour create contrasting constructs of the province of nature. Based on their statements of the nature of world. Rousseau’s account of adult male is more complete and logical than Hobbes’ . In Rousseau’s position of nature. adult male is basically good. able to last on his ain and able to peacefully coexist. This position of adult male could be considered naive by some. but it must be considered that this adult male is besides the â€Å"savage adult male. † a adult male before any signifier of civilisation. Rousseau explains that a adult male is inherently good in a province of nature because he has no desire for power. but does experience commiseration. Rousseau goes into an in depth description of the development of inequality among work forces. depicting subjugation and domination development and the ways in which these factors destroyed man’s intrinsic goodness. Man was unable to populate separately in the new province of society. which destroyed their natural goodness. Bing unable to populate separately. they were forced to trust on others. which created domination and inequality. which leads to competition for power and corruptness. The inequality besides led to the diminishment of commiseration and compassion. which was important to man’s ability to peacefully coexist. Rousseau’s thorough time-line of man’s status created a stronger and more agreeable statement than Hobbes’ pessimistic position of adult male.

Superbad Movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Superbad Movie - Essay Example Classic Hollywood movies were work of art that was devoted close to theoretical and critical attention of the movie plot and cinematic text and ideology. Genre analysis can be problematical though. What is called analysis or criticism is often little more than making note of superficial similarities or differences amongst films. This is true across film criticism in general. Rick Altman calls this approach to genre criticism the semantic approach—a focus on the more superficial aspects of films that fit into a given genre. A semantic examination would point out the character types, aesthetics, plot lines, etc., which are common to the films. The inevitable question that must arise from such an assessment is, â€Å"Why bother?† What good does it do to point out that noir films all make extensive use of light and shadow plot development for example, or that Westerns usually feature saloons? In this case genre analysis is no different from a similar analysis of a given individual film. To be valuable, genre analysis must bring deeper issues to the surface. In the context of this deeper, broader method of analysis, I think that genre criticism can be very useful. Qualities or incidences and similarities that seem insignificant in individual films can take on more meaning when connected with similar characteristics of other films in the genre—if we have shown the existence of the genre itself. So while the semantic approach is necessary, it is a means to an end—the end being the syntactic analysis which can then be taken up, and which can tell us something about the societies in which the films are produced and consumed. These high school comedy romance movies are new genre and all similar movies are based on almost the same story line. The existence of particular genres themselves is significant as well. Given that a group of films of this high school genre share a common lot of significant characteristics, we can and should then ask why this is